FTI has a solution for anyone...Anytime Anywhere: RV Parks & Campgrounds

FTI has a solution for anyone...Anytime Anywhere

RV Parks & Campgrounds

Located in scenic, out-of-the-way locations, RV Parks and Campgrounds are often beyond the reach of DSL or cable Internet service.  Moreover, the RV Parks and Campgrounds are likely to have a relatively small number of potential Internet users with even less actual users of the Internet service.  Finally, RV Parks and Campgrounds have a cyclic clientele with peaks and valleys in their attendance making any fixed cost contracted service such as a DSL or other satellite service cost prohibitive during the “slack months”.  As such, this group of potential customers will find the features of the FTI service worthy of consideration.

FTI offers flexible monthly subscription plans, such as Fixed Rate Billing, that offers Internet capacity by the MByte. The most attractive would be the Fixed Rate billing with purchases of Internet capacity by the MByte.  The RV Park operator can purchase only what they expect to use on the inbound and outbound links to the Internet and pay for those Mbytes monthly.  Unused Mbytes are banked (rolled over to use a cell phone term) and can be used in months when usage exceeds the monthly purchased amount.  Accordingly, a RV Park operator can build a bank of Mbytes to be used during peak periods while paying a lower monthly subscription service.  At any time the RV Park operator can adjust the monthly guarantee of Mbytes purchased with a written request to FTI.  The requested change will take place on the first billing cycle 30 days after receipt of the request.  This is perfect for the RV Park operator that knows when the “slack months” occur.  No other Internet service offers this level of subscription flexibility.

Another advantage is the lower levels of latency of the FTI service when compared with other satellite Internet services, higher reliability in times of local weather when compared with other satellite services and the averaging of Fair Access Policy increases over the entire month rather than a 24 hour period like other satellite Internet services.

FTI is the only Internet Service Provider that provides multiple billing and service Fair Access Policy (FAP) options for the ultimate in end user Internet experience.

FTI provides the RV Park owner both custom designed wired and wireless Hot Spot solutions together with financing and revenue sharing options.

The Revenue Sharing Option provides the RV Campground operator the ability to avoid monthly Internet and equipment leasing costs entirely or sharing in the capital costs and increasing the percentage of revenue sharing for the operator.  In this plan, FTI will turnkey the construction of the capital costs of the RV Park and provide Internet Service. 

No capital contribution by the RV Park owner is required for a 10% share of the gross revenues collected by FTI.  For each 25% of the total capital costs for the project contributed by the RV Park owner, the RV Park owner receives an additional 10% share of revenues.   In this way, the RV Park owner can receive up to 50% of the revenues leaving 50% for FTI to fund the cost of the Internet services.   ONLY QUALIFIED RV PARKS WILL BE CONSIDERED FOR THIS OPTION.

FTI recognizes that the telephone company DSL or T1 service will eventually reach even the most remote locations with high-speed Internet service.  Whether this occurs next month or next year or longer, the FTI equipment package utilized in the RV Park will never be obsolete or unnecessary.  FTI offers a Internet Service Provider load balancer option that can combine the FTI satellite Internet service with up to two additional Internet services to increase reliability, increase access to the Internet and increase data rates even further enhancing the Internet experience for the end users.

Foundation Telecommunications, Inc. (FTI) Rural Satellite Broadband Tapped to Help Schools, University, Libraries, and Agencies Close Digital Divide

Foundation Telecommunications, Inc. (FTI) Rural Satellite Broadband Tapped to Help Schools, University, Libraries, and Agencies Close Digital Divide

TIPS/TAPS Purchasing Coop Makes FTI Internet and VoIP Services Available Across 45 States

OVERLAND PARK, Kan., Nov. 30, 2011 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Foundation Telecommunications, Inc. (FTI) announced that the TIPS/TAPS purchasing consortium has selected it to provide broadband Internet and VoIP (voice-over-IP) services to member educational entities and government agencies. TIPS/TAPS made the award through a competitive bid process.

The FTI proprietary two-way satellite service is uniquely engineered to provide reliable high-speed Internet and telephone services to rural geographically isolated schools, libraries and other government agencies unable to contract for Internet services from other providers.

FTI's satellite installations are multi-purpose educational telecommunications gateways for rural schools that deliver immediate access to Internet, free long distance telephone calls and educational television programming. The FTI satellite Internet installation is capable of providing telephone service through its "Foundation Fone" VoIP technology with free long distance calls throughout the US. In addition, the installation also provides access to the eight channels of SCOLA educational foreign broadcast services that are currently viewed by over ten million students nationwide.

Kim Thompson, TIPS/TAPS Cooperative Coordinator says of the award, "TIPS/TAPS is very excited about the partnership created with FTI as a leading national vendor for Internet Services. Our purpose is to offer a cooperative program that can provide substantial savings and best value for TIPS/TAPS Members and we believe FTI will help us achieve our purpose."

"Now with FTI's service, even the most geographically isolated rural schools, libraries and government agencies can gain Internet service that is equal or better than that enjoyed by their big city counterparts," said George Livergood, President of FTI. "The FTI multi-function satellite gateway will finally bridge the digital divide inherent in rural America's access to state-of-the-art telecommunications resources."

TIPS/TAPS is available for use by all public and private schools, colleges, universities, cities, counties and other government entities in 45 states. Participation of government entities will provide the legally required competition for contracts for commonly purchased items, thereby saving the individual government agency the cost of going through the competitive process.

About Foundation Telecommunications, Inc.

Founded in 1979, Foundation Telecommunications, Inc. provides International innovative telecommunications network solutions using leading edge technologies with a "customer first priority". FTI integrates total digital solutions incorporating the most appropriate technologies whether satellite, fiber, laser or wireless for the most appropriate customer solutions. From providing wireless MESH communications from deep in an Appalachian coal mine to the rest of the world to geographically remote automated high-performance wireless "Hot Spots", FTI is on the leading edge. For more information on FTI please visit http://www.ftionline.com.

About TIPS/TAPS

The Interlocal Purchasing System (TIPS/TAPS) is a purchasing support group for Government Entities and Schools in 45 states. For more information visit http://www.tips-usa.com/

About SCOLA

SCOLA is a non-profit educational organization that receives and re-transmits television programming from around the world in native languages. SCOLA also provides other language learning content on this Web site. Universities, Colleges, K-12 schools, cable systems, government language schools and individuals use SCOLA content for current news, language study and cultural enhancement. SCOLA content is available via satellite, the Internet and through participating cable providers. For more information on SCOLA visit http://www.scola.org or call (712) 566-2202 and speak with one of our helpful employees.

CONTACT:

George Livergood         

President/CEO         

Foundation Telecommunications, Inc.         

+1.800-833-3353         

glivergood@ftionline.com

Frequently Asked Questions......

Frequently Asked Questions......

FTI understands that our High-Speed Satellite Internet Solution is a new concept for many cable operators and poses some concern for others that have experience with other satellites solutions. Here are a few of the questions we hear most often from operators. If you would like more information on any of these topics or have more questions please contact the sales team at sales@ftionline.com or by phone at 1-800-833-3353.
 
Q: How long has FTI been in the Internet business?
A: FTI has been offering two-way satellite Internet services since 1996 to schools, businesses, and ISPs throughout the United States, Canada and Mexico. The FTI system uses advanced satellite technologies to provide the most reliable and technically available system despite the presence of the most difficult of local weather conditions.

The FTI two-way satellite Internet service was first offered under contact in 1996 to provide parity of service to rural schools in Arizona and Wyoming where the requirements were for “fiber levels of availability” and “metropolitan area Internet data rates”. The original Wyoming school service was a two-way C band offering with subsequent similar service provided to Hispanic schools in Mexico and to ISP’s in the Northwest Territory of Canada. Years of satisfaction with the service has resulted in the contract being renewed with the stipulation that all schools be upgraded to the high-speed system now being offered to cable operators for even greater reliability and faster data rates.

Although the C band satellite Internet service was very reliable, the costs associated with of C band uplinks, frequency coordination, recurring frequency protection and FCC licensing made the offering less than ideal for small cable operators. The service FTI offers today utilizes the best of both worlds as a C/Ku band hybrid. This unique service uses complementary polarized satellite transponders on a cable TV satellite (IA-5) to provide C band downlink service to eliminate fade from localized weather anomalies together with a Ku band uplink with UPC (Uplink Power Control) to mitigate rain fade factors. The result is a single antenna solution capable of achieving fiber levels of availability.

The FTI system has already been proven in this difficult operating environment for the past seven years and has been further improved with the use of DOCSIS-compliant and certified equipment to provide high-speed Internet services to small cable systems.
 
Q: How much does it cost?
A: FTI has alleviated the risk of offering Internet service because; FTI’s service is priced based upon the number of subscribers only. There are no other charges such as line charges or satellite fees. The capital cost is comparable to the requirements of traditional telephone services but the fixed reoccurring fees for bandwidth and connectivity are no longer required. With this business plan, a cable operator is cash profitable with the first subscriber with up to 75 percent gross operating profit.
 
Q: What are the Data Rates?
A: The equipment provided allows data rates delivered to the headend up to 18 Mbps downstream and up to 4 Mbps on the upstream. However, unlike residential satellite-delivered Internet services, FTI’s solution includes a CMTS that allows the operators to set the data rates to the subscribers and has built-in TCP acceleration, traffic management, and a local proxy/cache. The cable headend is connected directly to the Internet backbone via the FTI satellite connection. All of the features not only result in increased throughput but also eliminates potential bottlenecks as typically experienced in a rural terrestrial Internet connection. The standard Internet service package to the cable headend is limited to 2 mbps outroute and 512 kbps inroute. As the cable system grows, the data rates are automatically increased by FTI up to 10.0 mbps for system with over 500 subscribers.
 
Q: What is the Excess Usage Fee and why is it needed?
A: The Excess Usage Fee is FTI’s way of encouraging cable systems to monitor and control their own subscribers. Although the current usage limits have been used for the past seven years with only one system exceeding them in the entire period and, then, only for one month; there is a general agreement that the limits should be evaluated based upon domestic cable television subscriber usage patterns. FTI has established a moratorium on the Excess Usage Fee through the end of the year in order to determine the average monthly Internet use per subscriber for the purpose of raising the limits on the contracted Excess Usage Fee to more realistic levels.

With a telephone provided connection, a cable system receives 1.544 Mbps and is unable to exceed that limit. As a result, the cable operators are forced to monitor individual usages within the system and impose their own controls to ensure that all subscribers may share relatively equally in the fixed data rate made available at the headend.

By way of contrast, the FTI system provides a much bigger pipe but it is shared with other cable systems, usually in different time zones so that peak network usage is at different times of the day. Rather than limit each system to a T1 service level FTI has elected to offer the higher data rate based upon cable system data demands while providing the software tools to manage subscriber use locally. As such, each cable system has the capability to use substantially more than what a fixed T1 service might provide.

In this configuration it is imperative that each cable system monitor and control their subscriber’s usage just as in the example system above. To ensure sufficient bandwidth at a system level, FTI provides the software tools to allow systems to control their own total usage. FTI is not considering this fee as an additional revenue source but rather as a motivational tool for local system monitoring and control and furthermore, FTI hopes that it is never applied.
 
Q: Will the Proxy/Cache allow Chat and File Swapping?
A: Absolutely. The purpose of the proxy/cache is to give real-time users priority to the satellite link. It increases the quality of service that cable operators can provide.
 
Q: What about Java Script?
A: Java Script works fine. As a matter of fact some of the tools FTI uses to control the system are Java Script based. FTI has yet to find any application that does not work with this service.
 
Q: Is there an auto transmit power adjustment?
A: Yes. The FTI system utilizes an advanced uplink power control system that is only limited by the excess gain in the transmitter unlike other systems that either do not have UPC (Uplink Power Control) or are limited to only a few dB. Typically, the excess gain of the FTI system is greater than 10 dB above the gain required to achieve 99.5 percent availability in any given site location with resulting uplink availabilities greater than 99.99 percent.
 
Q: Is there Forward Error Correction (FEC)?
A: Yes, the FTI system uses the most advanced FEC available. It is referred to as TPC or Turbo Product Code and provides an additional 2 to 3 dB margin above and beyond current cable television digital FEC systems. In other words, if two C band satellite links were providing HBO and the FTI Internet services to the cable system when a terrible thunderstorm caused the HBO signal to fade, the FTI Internet service would require nearly twice the downpour of rain to occur before Internet fade would begin.
 
Q: Is this service Virtual Private Network (VPN) friendly?
A: It is better that friendly; it is secure. The FTI system is capable of VPN traffic in both an Internet and Intranet applications. The satellite modem is equipped with a Defense Encryption Standard 3 (“DES3”) chip set that can be activated at anytime. “DES3” allows for totally secure VPN communications between the cable system’s headend and any other comparably equipped location in the Internet or Intranet. Moreover, communications through the FTI satellite system to other systems also on the FTI Intranet never touch the public switched telephone network and are totally private.
 
Q: Aren’t satellite links unfriendly to file uploads and lose connection?
A: This is a very valid observation for typical two-way residential and SOHO satellite technologies that are being marketed by FTI competitors. Lost data due to interrupted or lost connections between the system and the satellite are not uncommon in these residential applications. Setting aside the FTI provided data buffer located at the cable headend, the FTI system is designed to maintain connectivity to the satellite in the most extreme localized weather conditions.

The possible data rates far exceed any normal or practical small system inroute file upload requirement. The FTI system utilizes an inroute caching system that provides a number of functions including a buffer that prevents any degradation or loss of data due to the loss of the inroute (or outroute) carrier. The cache (data buffer) continues to accept any data or information from the cable Internet user regardless of the condition or continuity of the connection between the backbone and the cable system headend. The only link where a lost connection may result in actual lost data would be the loss of a connection between the cable Internet subscriber and the cable headend.

Notwithstanding the above, FTI’s commercial grade solution was designed by a cable operator for small cable systems. Inroute data rates from the cable subscriber to the cable headend are limited by the tier of service authorized by the cable company. Typically, these service rates range from 128Kbps to 512Kbps. The inroute data rates from the cable headend to the Internet backbone are limited by the capabilities of the satellite modem at 4 Mbps.

At least one FTI customer provides the most difficult application possible with respect to lost packets in uploads or downloads by uploading streaming video of concerts via the FTI platform and service and, does so without the buffering provided to the cable operator with the proxy/cache server.
 
Q: Isn’t satellite latency an unavoidable problem with satellite Internet?
A: Ordinarily, yes; but not with the FTI satellite system. Traveling at the speed-off-light, a signal originating from a cable system and passing through the satellite to the Internet access point in Woodbine, Maryland would normally take half a second with a corresponding time delay or latency on the return signal path. With any latency or time delay for terrestrial Internet queries, a typical lowest possible latency or time delay for a satellite transmission is 1300 msec with much greater (over 2000 msec) latency typical of the residential satellite Internet systems; but NOT with the FTI system.

Round trip ping tests of the FTI satellite Internet solution are normally average between 500 to 600 msec; a test result that testifies to the effectiveness of the TCP acceleration built into the satellite modems included with the FTI solution. While somewhat greater than the latency of a terrestrial connection, the FTI solution makes up for the slight increase in latency with blindingly fast file downloads. When both factors are considered, the net effect is faster downloads and Internet access.

As a point of comparison, the normal latency associated with a cellular telephone call is comparable to that of the FTI satellite Internet service.
 
Q: What about “Gamers”?
A: The subject of “Latency” cannot be raised without also addressing on-line gaming applications. Competing satellite Internet applications do not have the advantages of Internet acceleration; download speeds and caching or proxy capacity at the cable system headend. As such, latency of gaming applications through these “residential” satellite Internet services is quite substantial.

When satellite transport latency is reduced to the 500 msec to 600 msec range, however, other contributing latency in the on-line gaming experience begin to become factors. These latency factors include the type of video card, hard disk read/write speeds, memory type, total RAM and memory speed. All of these factors contribute to latency with the FTI satellite Internet latency being relatively inconsequential in the overall total of all latency contributions to on-line Internet gaming.

Profitable Internet in Small Cable Systems

Profitable Internet in Small Cable Systems

There seems to be general industry agreement that broadband Internet services represent the greatest new revenue source since the three decade old introduction of Pay TV while presenting the cable subscriber a clear and favorable distinction between DBS and the local cable TV services. Systems that have introduced high-speed Internet services report increased revenues, decreased “churn” and Basic subscriber “lift”. For those systems fortunate enough to be able to purchase high-speed Internet services from the telephone company or long distance carrier, the business model is overwhelmingly convincing in favor of the introduction of Internet services in the local cable system. Conversely, there also exist large numbers of cable systems that either cannot contract for or cannot “affordable” high-speed Internet in their communities.

These cable systems are typically serving rural communities with three hundred or less subscribers. The business model becomes increasingly unjustifiable as the size of the cable system decreases below the 300 subscriber level to the point at which an Internet service offering by the cable operator simply cannot be economically justified with conventional telco high fixed priced Internet services. Unfortunately, as long as a cable operator must depend upon the high fixed costs of an Internet service from the phone company, the introduction of high-speed Internet into small systems will be a significant financial challenge.

The Foundation Telecommunications, Inc. (“FTI”), Internet service costs are billed and paid on a “per subscriber” basis irrespective of the data rate contracted. Use of technologies such as satellite Internet would allow maximum information rates (“MIR”) of 2, 4 or 6 mbps to the cable headend rather then the more conventional 1.536 mbps of the standard telephone company T1 channel. The basic choice of the cable operator becomes to either pay $6 per month per subscriber for a 2 mbps satellite Internet signal at the cable headend or to pay $650 per month whether there is one subscriber or twenty subscribers connected to the cable Internet service.

Unlike previous attempts by other companies to use satellite technology for the delivery of Internet or other broadband data or television services (HITS), innovative approaches to Uplink Power Control (“UPC”) and Internet acceleration have resulted in near “fiber levels of availability” and much faster data rates than conventional telco provided T1s.

Nearly all satellite based Ku and Ka-band Internet systems utilize some form of Uplink Power Control (“UPC”) that automatically increases the uplink power from the end user location (cable headend) to the Internet backbone in order to overcome weather related losses of signal. If local weather interrupts the signal to the remote site, the critical data required to control the uplink transmitter is lost resulting in a total loss of service until the signal from the Internet to the remote site can be restored. The FTI approach to this problem has resulted in significantly increased availability and immunity from localized weather.

The second historically characteristic element of satellite delivered Internet services relates to “latency”. This factor involves the time delay associated with a round trip signal from a user’s computer to the Internet and back again. Although it cannot be totally eliminated, latency can be mitigated through the FTI application of sophisticated Internet acceleration techniques.

In 2002, the FTI satellite delivered Internet service adopted a system architecture that utilized C band satellites for the signal from the Internet to the cable headend. As C band, only the most severe weather affects the outroute signal that both provides the Internet service and the control signals for the uplink power control. C band is immune from nearly all weather related anomalies due to its lower frequency band and is ideal for this application. With the C band control signal uninterrupted to the cable headend, the Ku band Internet return signal can be transmitted and controlled resulting in optimum use of the Uplink Power Control feature.

The new FTI satellite Internet service incorporates the latest Internet acceleration chip sets providing the lowest possible latency of any satellite transmission with the highest possible reliability.

The Foundation Telecommunications, Inc. satellite Internet service contracts are based solely upon the numbers of Internet customers rather than contracted data rates thus ensuring operating profits with the first cable Internet subscriber connected rather than the guaranteed losses associated with high fixed telephone company rates. Rural cable operators are now able to purchase high-speed Internet services with fiber levels of availability on a per subscriber basis AND at higher data rates than those offered by the telephone companies.

This innovative satellite Internet service is available from Foundation Telecommunications, Inc. today.

Pushing Internet into Small Cable Systems: The Wireless “Last Mile”

Pushing Internet into Small Cable Systems: The Wireless “Last Mile”

The key to a successful implementation of high-speed Internet systems is no different than the proven formula for good cable television operations; large numbers of happy contented subscribers that receive reinforcement of the wisdom of their monthly purchase of services through good experiences with the technology. As in any business, large numbers of satisfied customers remain the one constant of the determination of “success.” Unlike conventional businesses, however, the cable operator must take the technology to the customer. Unlike conventional businesses, the cable operator must provide a wide range of flexible services capable of change with local market conditions. This is particularly true of small cable system operations given the limited numbers of homes passed by the cable plant together with the high fixed costs of new technologies.

Today, multi-megabit wireless technologies exist that allow the small cable operator to cost effectively extend the reach of the most profitable service offering available to the cable operator since the 60’s; that service being high-speed Internet. Typical last mile delivery of Internet services is accomplished via an upgraded two-way cable system. Some cable operator are able to accomplish this task with the addition of two-way electronics only while others must contend with aging cables and connectors configured in a sometimes unworkable two-way cable system architecture.

In the alternative, a number of wireless technologies are available that allow distribution of the two-way high-speed Internet services up to 30 miles in a line-of-sight path with short range coverage using technologies that are relatively immune from path obstructions such as trees or small structures. These technologies present the small cable operator an alternative to time consuming and sometimes costly system upgrades while concurrently extending the coverage area miles beyond the franchise boundaries.

Unlike the capital costs associated with a system wide upgrade in order to offer a service to a select few subscribers, the implementation of a wireless last mile to the Internet subscriber restricts the capital costs of installation solely to those the subscribe to the service. Concurrently, the relatively low capital costs associated with today’s wireless alternatives provide a means to extend the service to other franchise areas, surrounding homes that cannot be reached economically with cable plant extensions or businesses that may not ordinarily consider subscription to the cable services.

A wireless last mile solution provides many small cable operators an immediate solution to the provision of high-speed Internet services whether or not there are future plans to upgrade the system to two-way. At the same time, the “homes passed” by the wireless signal becomes significantly greater though a line-of-sight 30 mile radius coverage area of up to 2,800 square miles in the extreme case using “backhaul installations” and a 10 mile radius of coverage (300 square miles) with typical subscriber installations.

Finally, while it is unlikely that the entire cable channel line-up can be economically microwaved to a nearby community or cluster of homes, the two-way high-speed Internet signal may be easily cost justified for an “Internet Only” service in most areas.

As a result of the consideration of a wireless last mile solution, the small cable operator is now able to significantly increase the number of homes passed by the high-speed Internet service thus meeting the primary objective of successful business operations; large numbers of satisfied customers.

How many subscribers can you afford to lose...

How many subscribers can you afford to lose...

Several months ago a small cable system owner in Montana asked the question, “How many subscribers can you afford to lose before you have to add high-speed Internet?” He had been observing basic cable losses to EchoStar and DirectTV for months with little sign of a reversing trend in either other cable systems or his own. With only a few hundred subscribers and being located in a extremely rural area, standard commercial Internet options were either too costly or not available. The future appeared to be frustratingly depressing as more and more subscribers responded to the lure of hundreds of “digital quality channels” for less than the cable bill. Clearly, something had to be done. Understandably, he was not surprised to hear that he was not alone in his dilemma.

In the August Multichannel News article, “STEALING SUBS – Cable Sustains More Tough Losses to DBS”, columnist Mike Farrell reported second quarter increases in DBS subscriber growth of 795,000 subscribers while the cable industry claimed 280,000 of that figure in losses. Annualized, this represents a cable industry loss of over 1 million basic subscribers IF the trend does not continue to escalate. In the same article, Echostar chairman, Charlie Ergen, made it clear that the 67 million strong cable television subscriber base is the primary marketing target for Echostar growth. “The real focus is cable companies,” Ergen said. “They have 67 million customers. If we are going to grow our business, we’ve got to get customers, for the most part, from those guys.” The second quarter growth figures for DBS together with the reported cable industry subscriber losses suggest that the Echostar strategies are working and the DirecTV is likely vying for the same subscribers.

Today, setting aside local channel carriage in rural cable markets, there is one service that differentiates DBS from the cable services; reliable high-speed Internet. For those cable companies fortunate enough to be operating in larger communities, Internet services can be contracted from the telephone company and can be provided cost effectively to relatively large numbers of Internet subscribers. For those cable companies in rural America without these telecommunications resources, often times the choice is either to purchase expensive telephone company Internet services and attempt to amortize the expense over a dozen or so Internet subscribers or not offer Internet services. It will likely become increasingly evident that the latter option will be met with steadily declining basic subscriber numbers and a proliferation of small dishes throughout the community if the DBS industry has anything to say about it.

Today, there is an option for the small system cable operators. Two-way high-speed Internet services can be provided without the need for telephone connectivity. Moreover, the Internet rates are based upon a fixed fee per subscriber, thus, ensuring profitability with the first subscriber added. Unlike the DBS attempts at two-way satellite Internet using small rooftop dishes, the cable company solution is a reliable high-speed system designed for businesses and cable companies with a larger two-way satellite dish designed to be immune from all but the worst local weather. Maximum data rates may be contracted up to 6 mbps or as low as 2 mbps on a per subscriber basis.

Last mile delivery to the cable subscriber can be via a two-way cable plant or wireless solution direct from the cable headend.

Today, the small cable operator can meet the challenge presented by Charlie Ergen and the DBS industry as easily and cost effectively as the larger metropolitan cable operations…………..or not.